Gas Engine
Several years of development have gone for reaching the modern-day gas engines. It's not a single man's work at all. Lots of efforts were made for developing an effective and remarkable device for converting air-fuel mixture into reliable and useful forward motion. It is accomplished by means of internal combustion miracle. In gas engine, the fuel is burnt in measured and controlled amount within a combustion chamber. Heat is formed due to this burning fuel mixture. Due to this large amount of heat, there is formation of a powerful expanding force which drives the wheels of vehicle. The above process can be accomplished in numerous ways. However, the extensively utilized means is the four-stroke reciprocating-piston engine
Cylinder is the fundamental power element of a piston engine. It is a metal tube made with precision which is sealed at its top and is open at the bottom. The cylinder head contains built in exhaust valve and intake valve. Both of them can be opened on a signal form camshaft. Piston is attached to the crankshaft and slides up and down within the cylinder. Therefore, piston moves up and down as the crankshaft spins in the cylinder. Every motion is referred to as a stroke and entire process is completed in four-strokes in four-stroke- engine.
Imagine as if the piston is in its uppermost
position and touches the cylinder head. The small volume of air gets trapped between
the head and piston in an area named as the combustion chamber. Now, if we try
to rotate the crankshaft in very slow motion from this particular point, then the
piston will descend. This amplifies the gap above it. As an outcome, the pressure
in the cylinder drops. At this point, the intake valve in the cylinder head gets
opened in automatic manner. This facilitates the fresh mixture of controlled
amount of fuel and air to run from the higher atmospheric pressure of outside into
the low-pressure region within the cylinder. As the intake valve closes, the
piston reaches the lowest point of its stroke. This makes the cylinder full with
a air-fuel mixture. This completes the intake stroke.
If we continue to rotate the crankshaft in similar direction,
then the piston will start to rise inside the cylinder. Due to this, there is
dramatic increase in pressure inside the cylinder till the maximum point of "compression"
stroke is reached. By means of spark plug fuel-air mixture is ignited. It
causes it to explode and throw the piston in backward direction. This completes
the ignition stroke. At last, the crankshaft will rotate 180o and it will cause
the piston to move in forward direction again. The exhaust valve will force the
remaining fumes out. This is known as the exhaust stroke. This completes
the process of internal combustion.
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